Yellow watermelon is a new generation of hybrids raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the single melon weighs about 2kg. The peel is about 3mm thick, without cracking, the pulp is slightly darker, the sugar content is 12 % to 13 %, the meat is fine, the fiber is small, the seeds are small, and the quality is excellent. Strong disease resistance, easy to sit fruit, extremely precocious, female flowers are opened until the fruit matures for about 26 days.
The small watermelon cultivation technology (above)
Small watermelon (hereinafter referred to as small watermelon) is a category of smaller fruits in ordinary watermelon, and the normal fruit is a single melon. Weighted between 1.0-2.0 kg, so there are elegance such as pocket watermelon and mini watermelon. It is a rookie in the large watermelon family. The small watermelon is beautiful and small, the meat is tender, the juice is delicious and sweet, the quality is excellent, and it is easy to carry. It is a high -end gift melon in summer, which is welcomed by the public. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the miniaturization of the family and the rise of tourism, small watermelon has been accepted by consumers, and the market sales prospects are good. Its price is more than twice higher than that of ordinary watermelons, and the economic benefits of producers are quite considerable. It has become one of the high -efficiency agricultural projects and has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics from Shanghai in 1999, 667HM2 of small watermelons was planted, and Beijing, Sui, Su, Zhejiang and other places all showed rapid development. The growth and development of small watermelons is different from ordinary watermelon. There will also be problems in the development process. Master the growth and development characteristics of small watermelon, and take corresponding measures. Normal development has positive significance. The author has conducted some investigations and observations in this regard, and is sorted as follows for reference. 1 The fertility characteristics of small watermelon 1.1 seedlings are weak, and the early growth rate is poor The small watermelon seeds are small, and thousands of grains weigh between 30.8 and 37.5g. Small leaves, small embryo shafts, and weak growth, especially under the environmental conditions of low temperature and widow photos during early broadcasting, it is more likely to affect the growth of seedlings. This will affect the process of flower bud differentiation of female and male flowers. The specific manifestation is that the female flower house is very small. In the early stage of the male flowers, the male flowers are incomplete, deformity, the stamens are abnormal, the amount of pollen is small, and there are no pollen. Fruit development process. Is when the seedlings are under the adverse climate conditions, the growth of plants during the seedling and vibration period still performs weak. Once the climate improves, the plant growth will return to normal. The small watermelon has a strong branches. The female flowers appear earlier. The density is high, it is easy to sit and fruit; 1.2 Fruit shape is small, the fruit development cycle is short The fruit shape of small watermelon is small, generally single melon weighs 1.0-2.0kg, and the fruit development cycle is short. Under the conditions of suitable temperature (25-30 ° C) Female flowers only need more than 20 days before the fruit is mature, and early 7 to 10 days earlier than ordinary watermelon varieties. The number of small watermelons requires a long time under the condition of early -cooked early cultivation. The first stubble melon (harvested in mid -May) takes about 40 days, and the two stubble melons with a slightly higher temperature (harvest in mid -June) take about 30 days. The temperature later was higher, only 22 to 23 days. Small watermelon peels are prone to cracking fruit when there are more fertilizer water, the plant grows too much, or the water and nutrients are not uniform. 1.3 Sensitivity to fertilizer response This watermelon nutrition growth is closely related to fertilization, which is particularly sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is more likely to cause the plant nutrition growth and affect the fruit. Therefore, the amount of fertilization of base fertilizers should be reduced by 30%compared with ordinary watermelon, while the grafting seedlings of small watermelons can be reduced by about 50%. Due to the small fruit shape and the small nutrient input capacity, it is mostly cultivated with multiple vines and fruit, and it has little effect on the size of the fruit. 1.4 The periodicity of the result is not obvious This watermelon due to the dual effects of its own growth characteristics and poor cultivation conditions. , And it is easy to fall into seedlings, which seriously affects the nutrition growth of plants. With the advancement of fertility and the improvement of temperature conditions, the growth of the plant has been restored. Therefore, on the one hand, on the one hand, it is necessary to prevent weak nutrition growth, and at the same time, it is necessary to sit fruit in a timely manner to prevent growing. After the plants sit normally, the cause and effect are small, the fruit development cycle is short, and the nutrition growth of the plant itself has little effect. The ability to regulate is very beneficial to the multi -vine and multi -fruits, multi -stubble cultivation, and overcoming cracking fruits. Therefore, the results of the small watermelon are not as significant as ordinary watermelon. 2 Small watermelon varieties The varieties of small watermelons have begun to be introduced by Japan, Taiwan Province, South Korea and other places. In recent years, relevant domestic units have cultivated a batch of varieties. Its production performance and fruit traits and quality are close to the introduction of varieties. Now several varieties with more applications are introduced for reference when selecting them. 2.1 Red Xiaoyu The new generation of hybrid varieties raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The growth potential is strong, and the results can be continuously. The fruit shape is slightly larger. The single melon weighs about 2.0kg, and 1 plant can be knotted by 3 to 5 melons. The fruit is round, with green strips, beautiful appearance, thin skin, red flesh, sugar content of more than 13 %, thin flesh, slag -free, and small seeds. It takes about 35 days from the opening of the female flower to the fruit of the fruit. The variety won the new variety award at the 12th Watermelon Festival at Daxing County, Beijing in 1999. At present, there is a certain cultivation area in Nanhui County and Zhejiang Province. 2.2 Spring light The hybrid generation new varieties raised by the Institute of Hefei Huaxia Watermelon Sweet Gourmet Science. The fruits are oval, with fresh green covered with thin strips, single melon weighing 2.0 to 2.5kg, thorough fruit shape, non -deformation, not hollow, pink flesh, tender meat, 13 % sugar content, small gradient, excellent flavor, excellent flavor Essence The peel is thin, only 2 to 3mm. It has elasticity, is not easy to crack fruit, and has good storage capacity. The plant grows steadily and has good elongation at low temperatures. Under the conditions of bad conditions in early spring, the female and male flowers are normalized, the fruit is good, and it is easy to cultivate. Female flowers are about 35 days in the early days of fruit maturity and about 30 days in the middle period. At present, there are large areas of cultivation in the suburbs of Shanghai and Jiashan County, Zhejiang. 2.3 Yangchun The hybrid generation of hybrids raised by the Institute of Hefei Huaxia Watermelon Sweet Gourmet Science Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the skin -colored green covers have dark green strips. The appearance is beautiful, the flesh is golden, bright, the flesh is tender, refreshing, and the center of the central part is 12 % -13 %, the gradient, good flavor, quality in quality Wait. The plant has strong growth, disease resistance, and strong resistance. It grows normally under low temperature and weak light. 2.4 Huang Xiaoyu H The new generation of hybrid varieties raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the single melon weighs about 2kg. The peel is about 3mm thick, without cracking, the pulp is slightly darker, the sugar content is 12 % to 13 %, the meat is fine, the fiber is small, the seeds are small, and the quality is excellent. Strong disease resistance, easy to sit fruit, extremely precocious, female flowers are opened until the fruit matures for about 26 days. 2.5 Special Phoenix The new variety of interchange generations of farmers' seedlings breeding company. Early maturing small fruit type, the fruits are round and round, the fruit shape is neat, with dark green strips, the pulp is yellow, the flesh is tender, crispy, sweet and juicy, the sugar content is about 12 %, the fruit shape is neat, the skin is skin, the skin is neat, skinned Thin, more easy to crack fruit. Low temperature resistance, suitable for cultivation of autumn, winter, and spring, with high yield, generally 667m2 output 1400kg. 2.6 Early spring red jade The hybrid generations introduced by Japan. Introduced in 1996, and the Zhejiang Crop Variety Review Committee was identified in 2000. This variety grows steadily, has low temperature and weak light, and is suitable for the cultivation of early spring facilities in greenhouses. Extremely precocious, the first female flower appeared in the main vines, the female flower was dense, and after flowering, it matured at the normal temperature of 22-25 ° C. The fruits are round and round, and the melon weighs 1.5 to 2.0 kg. The peel is dark green with dark green strips. The peel is about 3mm and it is not resistant to storage and transportation. The flesh is yellow, fines without residue, the center of sugar is more than 12 %, the taste is excellent, and the output is high. Generally, 667m2 produces about 2000kg. 2.7 Black beauty The hybrid generation varieties raised by farmers' seedlings in Taiwan, identified by the Zhejiang Crop Variety Review Committee in 2000. Growth, disease resistance, wet resistance, and prominent summer cultivation. Extremely precocious, the first female flower appeared in the 6-7 sections of the main vine. The fruits are oval, and the peel is not obvious. The single melon weighs 2 to 3kg. The flesh is bright red, the center contains 12 % sugar, up to 14 %, and the gradient is small. Most suitable for summer and autumn cultivation. It other cultivation varieties include Xiaolan (Taiwan farmers' seedlings), Bit (South Korea), Little Angel (Hefei Fengle Seed Industry Co., Ltd.), Xiaoyu (Guangzhou Xieli Horticulture Research Institute), Huijing No. 5 (Henan Mengjin County Watermelon Association), Qiao Meiji (Hebei Vegetable Seedlings in Hebei Province) and so on. 3 Protective facility types, structure and performance In order to prevent small watermelon cracking, it is necessary to cultivate under facilities protection conditions. The commonly used greenhouse (middle shed) and small arch sheds are cultivated. 3.1 large (middle) sheds The south and Jianghuai areas, greenhouses span 4 to 6m, 1.7 to 1.8m high, 30m long, north -south direction, small sheds, in fact the middle shed. It is characterized by poor insulation, but fast heating is conducive to crop growth. The temperature in the early stages of growth is low. In order to increase the insulation performance, it is often covered with multi -layer coverage, that is, three arch four covers (two layers of thin film, grasshoppers, ground covering membranes) are used to improve thermal insulation performance with air layer insulation. According to observation, every layer of film is added, the temperature can be increased by 1 to 3 ° C. The span of the middle shed in the stand is 6m, 2m height, and 1.2m height to meet the stent and melon. At the same time, in order to increase the strength and wind resistance, the double -row column shed should be used. 3.2 small sheds The general watermelon double membrane coverage (small arch ground membrane) span is only 1.2 to 1.3m. In the early stage, the film is kept insulation, and the shed in the middle and late stages is semi -covered. However, the span of small watermelon sheds should be increased to 1.8 to 2.0m. The temperature of the small shed changes greater. After planting, a simple shed with a width of about 60-80cm should be set in the shed to increase the double -layer film. 4 Cultivation Season M small watermelon grows rapidly, and the fruit is mature and early. It can be cultivated in multiple stubble under protection facilities. In the autumn cultivation, the seasons of different cultivation methods are now explained as follows: 4.1 In the winter spring greenhouse precocious cultivation is the main cultivation method of small watermelon. The appropriate sowing period is planted from late January to early February, from late February to early March. It can make full use of the favorable climate conditions in March to May. Starting from mid -May, the growth results period is long, which can be multiple results and high output. 4.2 Spring shed cultivation The seedlings for seedling seedlings in mid -late February, in mid -to -late March in the small arch sheds, in the early stage of the sheds to prevent cold insulation. 4.3 Summer cultivation It uses a high temperature leisure period in the greenhouse to cultivate a small watermelon. Sowing seedlings at the end of May, seedlings for 10 to 15 days, planted in the shed in mid -June, and harvest in mid -to -late August. Summer cultivation is in high temperature and drought periods. Pests and insect pests such as viral diseases, mites, aphids, etc. are severely harmful. The skirt should be removed and covered with shading nets. And timely use agents to prevent diseases and insect pests. 4.4 Autumn cultivation The autumn and early winter growth season is long, and the early stage is still at high temperature stage. It can be cultivated in early autumn and autumn cultivation according to the seeding season. In the early autumn cultivation, seedlings were sowed in mid -July, and planted in late July to early August. The cultivation of seedlings in the middle and late August was cultivated, and seedlings were planted in mid -September. The sowing period of small watermelon in summer and autumn is not strict. Eremia, you can also read this website: Reference materials:/nanhui/nkdh/nydt/xjsxpz_5
Yellow watermelon is a new generation of hybrids raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the single melon weighs about 2kg. The peel is about 3mm thick, without cracking, the pulp is slightly darker, the sugar content is 12 % to 13 %, the meat is fine, the fiber is small, the seeds are small, and the quality is excellent. Strong disease resistance, easy to sit fruit, extremely precocious, female flowers are opened until the fruit matures for about 26 days.
The small watermelon cultivation technology (above)
Small watermelon (hereinafter referred to as small watermelon) is a category of smaller fruits in ordinary watermelon, and the normal fruit is a single melon. Weighted between 1.0-2.0 kg, so there are elegance such as pocket watermelon and mini watermelon. It is a rookie in the large watermelon family. The small watermelon is beautiful and small, the meat is tender, the juice is delicious and sweet, the quality is excellent, and it is easy to carry. It is a high -end gift melon in summer, which is welcomed by the public. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the miniaturization of the family and the rise of tourism, small watermelon has been accepted by consumers, and the market sales prospects are good. Its price is more than twice higher than that of ordinary watermelons, and the economic benefits of producers are quite considerable. It has become one of the high -efficiency agricultural projects and has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics from Shanghai in 1999, 667HM2 of small watermelons was planted, and Beijing, Sui, Su, Zhejiang and other places all showed rapid development.
The growth and development of small watermelons is different from ordinary watermelon. There will also be problems in the development process. Master the growth and development characteristics of small watermelon, and take corresponding measures. Normal development has positive significance. The author has conducted some investigations and observations in this regard, and is sorted as follows for reference.
1 The fertility characteristics of small watermelon
1.1 seedlings are weak, and the early growth rate is poor
The small watermelon seeds are small, and thousands of grains weigh between 30.8 and 37.5g. Small leaves, small embryo shafts, and weak growth, especially under the environmental conditions of low temperature and widow photos during early broadcasting, it is more likely to affect the growth of seedlings. This will affect the process of flower bud differentiation of female and male flowers. The specific manifestation is that the female flower house is very small. In the early stage of the male flowers, the male flowers are incomplete, deformity, the stamens are abnormal, the amount of pollen is small, and there are no pollen. Fruit development process.
Is when the seedlings are under the adverse climate conditions, the growth of plants during the seedling and vibration period still performs weak. Once the climate improves, the plant growth will return to normal. The small watermelon has a strong branches. The female flowers appear earlier. The density is high, it is easy to sit and fruit;
1.2 Fruit shape is small, the fruit development cycle is short
The fruit shape of small watermelon is small, generally single melon weighs 1.0-2.0kg, and the fruit development cycle is short. Under the conditions of suitable temperature (25-30 ° C) Female flowers only need more than 20 days before the fruit is mature, and early 7 to 10 days earlier than ordinary watermelon varieties. The number of small watermelons requires a long time under the condition of early -cooked early cultivation. The first stubble melon (harvested in mid -May) takes about 40 days, and the two stubble melons with a slightly higher temperature (harvest in mid -June) take about 30 days. The temperature later was higher, only 22 to 23 days. Small watermelon peels are prone to cracking fruit when there are more fertilizer water, the plant grows too much, or the water and nutrients are not uniform.
1.3 Sensitivity to fertilizer response
This watermelon nutrition growth is closely related to fertilization, which is particularly sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is more likely to cause the plant nutrition growth and affect the fruit. Therefore, the amount of fertilization of base fertilizers should be reduced by 30%compared with ordinary watermelon, while the grafting seedlings of small watermelons can be reduced by about 50%. Due to the small fruit shape and the small nutrient input capacity, it is mostly cultivated with multiple vines and fruit, and it has little effect on the size of the fruit.
1.4 The periodicity of the result is not obvious
This watermelon due to the dual effects of its own growth characteristics and poor cultivation conditions. , And it is easy to fall into seedlings, which seriously affects the nutrition growth of plants. With the advancement of fertility and the improvement of temperature conditions, the growth of the plant has been restored. Therefore, on the one hand, on the one hand, it is necessary to prevent weak nutrition growth, and at the same time, it is necessary to sit fruit in a timely manner to prevent growing. After the plants sit normally, the cause and effect are small, the fruit development cycle is short, and the nutrition growth of the plant itself has little effect. The ability to regulate is very beneficial to the multi -vine and multi -fruits, multi -stubble cultivation, and overcoming cracking fruits. Therefore, the results of the small watermelon are not as significant as ordinary watermelon.
2 Small watermelon varieties
The varieties of small watermelons have begun to be introduced by Japan, Taiwan Province, South Korea and other places. In recent years, relevant domestic units have cultivated a batch of varieties. Its production performance and fruit traits and quality are close to the introduction of varieties. Now several varieties with more applications are introduced for reference when selecting them.
2.1 Red Xiaoyu
The new generation of hybrid varieties raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The growth potential is strong, and the results can be continuously. The fruit shape is slightly larger. The single melon weighs about 2.0kg, and 1 plant can be knotted by 3 to 5 melons. The fruit is round, with green strips, beautiful appearance, thin skin, red flesh, sugar content of more than 13 %, thin flesh, slag -free, and small seeds. It takes about 35 days from the opening of the female flower to the fruit of the fruit. The variety won the new variety award at the 12th Watermelon Festival at Daxing County, Beijing in 1999. At present, there is a certain cultivation area in Nanhui County and Zhejiang Province.
2.2 Spring light
The hybrid generation new varieties raised by the Institute of Hefei Huaxia Watermelon Sweet Gourmet Science. The fruits are oval, with fresh green covered with thin strips, single melon weighing 2.0 to 2.5kg, thorough fruit shape, non -deformation, not hollow, pink flesh, tender meat, 13 % sugar content, small gradient, excellent flavor, excellent flavor Essence The peel is thin, only 2 to 3mm. It has elasticity, is not easy to crack fruit, and has good storage capacity. The plant grows steadily and has good elongation at low temperatures. Under the conditions of bad conditions in early spring, the female and male flowers are normalized, the fruit is good, and it is easy to cultivate. Female flowers are about 35 days in the early days of fruit maturity and about 30 days in the middle period. At present, there are large areas of cultivation in the suburbs of Shanghai and Jiashan County, Zhejiang.
2.3 Yangchun
The hybrid generation of hybrids raised by the Institute of Hefei Huaxia Watermelon Sweet Gourmet Science Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the skin -colored green covers have dark green strips. The appearance is beautiful, the flesh is golden, bright, the flesh is tender, refreshing, and the center of the central part is 12 % -13 %, the gradient, good flavor, quality in quality Wait. The plant has strong growth, disease resistance, and strong resistance. It grows normally under low temperature and weak light.
2.4 Huang Xiaoyu H
The new generation of hybrid varieties raised by the Hunan Provincial Gourd Research Institute. The fruit is high and round, and the single melon weighs about 2kg. The peel is about 3mm thick, without cracking, the pulp is slightly darker, the sugar content is 12 % to 13 %, the meat is fine, the fiber is small, the seeds are small, and the quality is excellent. Strong disease resistance, easy to sit fruit, extremely precocious, female flowers are opened until the fruit matures for about 26 days.
2.5 Special Phoenix
The new variety of interchange generations of farmers' seedlings breeding company. Early maturing small fruit type, the fruits are round and round, the fruit shape is neat, with dark green strips, the pulp is yellow, the flesh is tender, crispy, sweet and juicy, the sugar content is about 12 %, the fruit shape is neat, the skin is skin, the skin is neat, skinned Thin, more easy to crack fruit. Low temperature resistance, suitable for cultivation of autumn, winter, and spring, with high yield, generally 667m2 output 1400kg.
2.6 Early spring red jade
The hybrid generations introduced by Japan. Introduced in 1996, and the Zhejiang Crop Variety Review Committee was identified in 2000. This variety grows steadily, has low temperature and weak light, and is suitable for the cultivation of early spring facilities in greenhouses. Extremely precocious, the first female flower appeared in the main vines, the female flower was dense, and after flowering, it matured at the normal temperature of 22-25 ° C. The fruits are round and round, and the melon weighs 1.5 to 2.0 kg. The peel is dark green with dark green strips. The peel is about 3mm and it is not resistant to storage and transportation. The flesh is yellow, fines without residue, the center of sugar is more than 12 %, the taste is excellent, and the output is high. Generally, 667m2 produces about 2000kg.
2.7 Black beauty
The hybrid generation varieties raised by farmers' seedlings in Taiwan, identified by the Zhejiang Crop Variety Review Committee in 2000. Growth, disease resistance, wet resistance, and prominent summer cultivation. Extremely precocious, the first female flower appeared in the 6-7 sections of the main vine. The fruits are oval, and the peel is not obvious. The single melon weighs 2 to 3kg. The flesh is bright red, the center contains 12 % sugar, up to 14 %, and the gradient is small. Most suitable for summer and autumn cultivation.
It other cultivation varieties include Xiaolan (Taiwan farmers' seedlings), Bit (South Korea), Little Angel (Hefei Fengle Seed Industry Co., Ltd.), Xiaoyu (Guangzhou Xieli Horticulture Research Institute), Huijing No. 5 (Henan Mengjin County Watermelon Association), Qiao Meiji (Hebei Vegetable Seedlings in Hebei Province) and so on.
3 Protective facility types, structure and performance
In order to prevent small watermelon cracking, it is necessary to cultivate under facilities protection conditions. The commonly used greenhouse (middle shed) and small arch sheds are cultivated.
3.1 large (middle) sheds
The south and Jianghuai areas, greenhouses span 4 to 6m, 1.7 to 1.8m high, 30m long, north -south direction, small sheds, in fact the middle shed. It is characterized by poor insulation, but fast heating is conducive to crop growth. The temperature in the early stages of growth is low. In order to increase the insulation performance, it is often covered with multi -layer coverage, that is, three arch four covers (two layers of thin film, grasshoppers, ground covering membranes) are used to improve thermal insulation performance with air layer insulation. According to observation, every layer of film is added, the temperature can be increased by 1 to 3 ° C. The span of the middle shed in the stand is 6m, 2m height, and 1.2m height to meet the stent and melon. At the same time, in order to increase the strength and wind resistance, the double -row column shed should be used.
3.2 small sheds
The general watermelon double membrane coverage (small arch ground membrane) span is only 1.2 to 1.3m. In the early stage, the film is kept insulation, and the shed in the middle and late stages is semi -covered. However, the span of small watermelon sheds should be increased to 1.8 to 2.0m. The temperature of the small shed changes greater. After planting, a simple shed with a width of about 60-80cm should be set in the shed to increase the double -layer film.
4 Cultivation Season
M small watermelon grows rapidly, and the fruit is mature and early. It can be cultivated in multiple stubble under protection facilities. In the autumn cultivation, the seasons of different cultivation methods are now explained as follows:
4.1 In the winter spring greenhouse precocious cultivation
is the main cultivation method of small watermelon. The appropriate sowing period is planted from late January to early February, from late February to early March. It can make full use of the favorable climate conditions in March to May. Starting from mid -May, the growth results period is long, which can be multiple results and high output.
4.2 Spring shed cultivation
The seedlings for seedling seedlings in mid -late February, in mid -to -late March in the small arch sheds, in the early stage of the sheds to prevent cold insulation.
4.3 Summer cultivation
It uses a high temperature leisure period in the greenhouse to cultivate a small watermelon. Sowing seedlings at the end of May, seedlings for 10 to 15 days, planted in the shed in mid -June, and harvest in mid -to -late August. Summer cultivation is in high temperature and drought periods. Pests and insect pests such as viral diseases, mites, aphids, etc. are severely harmful. The skirt should be removed and covered with shading nets. And timely use agents to prevent diseases and insect pests.
4.4 Autumn cultivation
The autumn and early winter growth season is long, and the early stage is still at high temperature stage. It can be cultivated in early autumn and autumn cultivation according to the seeding season. In the early autumn cultivation, seedlings were sowed in mid -July, and planted in late July to early August. The cultivation of seedlings in the middle and late August was cultivated, and seedlings were planted in mid -September. The sowing period of small watermelon in summer and autumn is not strict.
Eremia, you can also read this website: Reference materials:/nanhui/nkdh/nydt/xjsxpz_5
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